La flexibilité et l'autonomie dans les plans d'études des programmes de Licence en Éducation de Base
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25757/invep.v15i1.425Mots-clés :
Licence en Éducation de Base, Formation initiale des Enseignants, Flexibilité Curriculaire, AutonomieRésumé
La flexibilité curriculaire et l’autonomie des étudiants dans l’enseignement supérieur sont des principes fondamentaux pour garantir la qualité à ce niveau d’éducation et pour la formation des futurs enseignants. Cette étude a examiné la flexibilité curriculaire et l’autonomie dans les plans d’études de 25 Licences en Éducation de Base (LEB) au Portugal. L’analyse documentaire comparative a porté sur la nature et la durée des unités curriculaires (UC), ainsi que sur la répartition de la charge de travail entre les heures de contact et le travail autonome. Les résultats ont montré que, bien que toutes les LEB incluent des UC optionnelles, qui peuvent être choisies par les étudiants, celles-ci représentent moins de 5 % du total des crédits dans la majorité des institutions, limitant ainsi les choix des étudiants. La charge de travail totale dans les licences varie entre 4500 et 5040 heures, avec des différences significatives dans la proportion d’heures de contact et de travail autonome entre les institutions et les composantes de formation. L’inclusion d’UC annuelles et la forte charge d’heures de contact ont été identifiées comme des obstacles à la mobilité et à l’autonomie des étudiants, réduisant leurs opportunités de choix. Il est conclu que la flexibilité curriculaire et la promotion de l’autonomie sont peu exploitées, soulignant la nécessité d’ajustements pour aligner les plans d’études sur les bonnes pratiques centrées sur les étudiants, comme préconisé par le Processus de Bologne.
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